Horticultural irrigation refers to the controlled application of water to crops plants to ensure their healthy growth, especially when natural rainfall is insufficient. Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the plant's root zone through a network of pipes and emitters, minimising water waste through evaporation and runoff. Sprinkler irrigation distributes water overhead through high-pressure sprinkler heads. Micro-irrigation is a low-pressure system that applies water as a small discharge to each plant or adjacent to it through a piped network. Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, using a water-based mineral nutrient solution. Hydroponic equipment facilitates this process by creating a controlled and optimised environment for plant growth, potentially leading to faster growth and higher yields compared to traditional soil-based methods.